In modern research, knowledge is not produced only through ideas, experiments, publications, and citations. It is also supported by systems of #research_identity, data management, reporting, funding administration, and institutional coordination. These systems are often invisible to the public, but they shape how research is recognized, evaluated, and connected across countries, disciplines, and organizations. Within this context, ORCID can be understood not only as a technic

Universities are not only places of teaching and research. They are also complex #knowledge_economies where time, funding, reputation, human talent, and institutional attention are constantly allocated. Every decision about hiring, promotion, publication, funding, ranking, and recognition has an economic meaning because it directs resources toward some activities and away from others. In this context, the Declaration on Research Assessment, widely known as DORA, offers an imp