Energy price shocks are among the most influential disturbances in modern economic life. They affect households, firms, governments, and international markets at the same time. Unlike many other price changes, shifts in energy prices spread quickly across sectors because energy is not a luxury input. It is a basic requirement for transportation, industry, food production, digital infrastructure, public services, and domestic life. When the price of oil, gas, electricity, or o

For many years, supply chains were often treated as a technical matter handled mainly by logistics managers, procurement teams, shipping companies, and manufacturers. They were important, but usually discussed in specialized business circles rather than in broad economic debate. That situation has changed. Today, supply chains are widely recognized as a central economic issue because they influence inflation, industrial performance, employment, investment, food availability,